GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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Discussion Draft 1 of Version 3, 16 Jan 2006
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THIS IS A DRAFT, NOT A PUBLISHED VERSION OF THE GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE.
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4 r7 {9 |' |$ m! L% R3 k" ~Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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, ^9 A$ e) H6 Q+ Y( cPreamble
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( X0 i' t S- {8 DThe licenses for most software are designed to take away your
3 p. D, P6 w% C6 Q& }freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
r/ e& i" K9 N* X+ e: h; l5 dLicense is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
e: Y/ W2 g+ n% ?, \software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. We,
/ e2 d( K# I+ h. n! v% i- cthe Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for
- o0 Q7 E1 h/ U$ Jmost of our software; it applies also to any other program whose
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authors commit to using it. (Some Free Software Foundation software
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is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You
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can apply it to your programs, too.
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
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have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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3 P0 h% n) V- V3 T" i' cif you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
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in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
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4 {) u9 G. f5 j, ~To protect your rights, we need to make requirements that forbid
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These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
5 S6 ?) {8 X3 c! i; Pdistribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
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8 W( X s4 k& _( @. tFor example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
1 z1 H' }2 P$ j2 Z# m, Z" Y7 N7 qgratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
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you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
( ]0 Q" z% a: ~) [source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
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1 t! R6 Z d+ H2 LDevelopers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1)
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assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License which
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gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
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& c5 x* c1 y) D. v* Y, uFor the developers' and author's protection, the GPL clearly explains
8 {" `: r* Y6 h8 U( p. gthat there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is
* I2 b& e0 X" W# O5 |. [modified by someone else and passed on, the GPL ensures that recipients
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are told that what they have is not the original, so that any problems
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introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors'
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reputations.
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Some countries have adopted laws prohibiting software that enables users
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incompatible with the purpose of the GPL, which is to protect users'
7 q6 _* } F0 E4 }' X' ?6 Zfreedom; therefore, the GPL ensures that the software it covers will
$ v/ E3 r$ I5 n* vneither be subject to, nor subject other works to, digital restrictions
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from which escape is forbidden.
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g" m+ u' o% rFinally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. We
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wish to avoid the special danger that redistributors of a free program will
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individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
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proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL makes it clear that any patent must
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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* i: b. n* q: a7 n. hGNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
6 \0 D) j3 B% V9 y, h2 h9 PTERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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0. Definitions.
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A "licensed program" means any program or other work distributed under
) m, R& f- P1 s4 p" xthis License. The "Program" refers to any such program or work, and a
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"work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work
2 ~9 ?- s' _% i) lunder copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
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portion of it, either modified or unmodified. Throughout this License, the
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term "modification" includes, without limitation, translation and
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extension. A "covered work" means either the Program or any work based on
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To "propagate" a work means doing anything with it that requires
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a computer or making private modifications. This includes copying,
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distribution (with or without modification), sublicensing, and in some
9 `& `! J* S/ D I q* Wcountries other activities as well.
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- k+ p* } t: w, H# M1. Source Code.
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) H9 B/ C9 J& k0 `( @7 NThe "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
5 N! w) O; U6 x: W9 b, Y/ @for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
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) r5 B7 |2 ]: Y- h, @* d! lThe "Complete Corresponding Source Code" for a work in object code form
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link, install, and run the work, excluding general-purpose tools used in
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performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For
) \7 G w. m6 X9 t- ?" W9 [example, this includes any scripts used to control those activities, and
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any shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is
0 H5 v) K' h, e& x( F2 ]0 fdesigned to require, such as by intimate data communication or control flow
* }! W$ I, A1 }5 p, b6 }# Lbetween those subprograms and other parts of the work, and interface
5 t9 H; d. j/ m5 g2 Idefinition files associated with the program source files.
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+ V( g& O5 i& fComplete Corresponding Source Code also includes any encryption or
; B1 e8 ?* v" [9 R) aauthorization codes necessary to install and/or execute the source code of
7 A' g: t) [' s! O8 @) _the work, perhaps modified by you, in the recommended or principal context
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of use, such that its functioning in all circumstances is identical to that
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of the work, except as altered by your modifications. It also includes any
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decryption codes necessary to access or unseal the work's output.
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Notwithstanding this, a code need not be included in cases where use of the
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Complete Corresponding Source Code need not include anything that users
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can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Complete Corresponding
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9 \( n1 g; C! ~# j; ]2 {As a special exception, the Complete Corresponding Source Code need
* I+ M% Z. B2 n3 f( c1 Qnot include a particular subunit if (a) the identical subunit is
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normally included as an adjunct in the distribution of either a major
2 m, u: v5 e7 M- i8 ?essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the
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operating system on which the executable runs or a compiler used to
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produce the executable or an object code interpreter used to run it,
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and (b) the subunit (aside from possible incidental extensions) serves
9 ?. ~% y1 }% h9 Honly to enable use of the work with that system component or compiler
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or interpreter, or to implement a widely used or standard interface,
7 q) ?9 v {/ z5 Q( r) Y2 Nthe implementation of which requires no patent license not already
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generally available for software under this License.
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2. Basic Permissions.
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All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
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copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
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conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
8 y' s J4 R( `' s0 A$ g& W4 Ppermission to run the Program. The output from running it is covered by
9 C0 n; j; I6 V/ H; q. Fthis License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a work
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based on the Program. This License acknowledges your rights of "fair use"
4 s8 ?- j; F; C) P' U9 S1 Cor other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
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- ~% }! v$ E$ Q$ \1 \. z1 }* DThis License gives unlimited permission to privately modify and run the
& ]2 s9 l; Z( }& @1 C3 d6 iProgram, provided you do not bring suit for patent infringement against
* R, g6 C2 I( ?% {) A wanyone for making, using or distributing their own works based on the
+ R6 V/ Y2 ?5 f$ k" MProgram.
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Propagation of covered works is permitted without limitation provided it
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does not enable parties other than you to make or receive copies.
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Propagation which does enable them to do so is permitted, as
; Z7 n0 h1 Y$ I9 G0 U& L3 F5 h"distribution", under the conditions of sections 4-6 below.
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3. Digital Restrictions Management.
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1 _4 b; a7 z$ X. u) e# s' wAs a free software license, this License intrinsically disfavors
c$ `2 E% i1 ?' T) dtechnical attempts to restrict users' freedom to copy, modify, and share
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copyrighted works. Each of its provisions shall be interpreted in light of
! E3 }* s* V4 hthis specific declaration of the licensor's intent. Regardless of any
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other provision of this License, no permission is given to distribute
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covered works that illegally invade users' privacy, nor for modes of
# Y, t! o& |# K# h, \) t) \distribution that deny users that run covered works the full exercise of
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the legal rights granted by this License.
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No covered work constitutes part of an effective technological protection
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measure: that is to say, distribution of a covered work as part of a system
2 }( k9 `1 l# w$ U2 m7 y4 C4 I/ l( pto generate or access certain data constitutes general permission at least
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for development, distribution and use, under this License, of other
4 K, Q, O, Y- l( }/ ^software capable of accessing the same data.
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4.[1] Verbatim Copying.
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) ?8 B O3 f* n) y- bYou may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
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code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously
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and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright
& E G0 u7 V9 s) _notice; keep intact all license notices and notices of the absence of
; `+ ^; }4 P. y8 Q! z$ q3 U- R+ Nany warranty; give all recipients of the Program a copy of this
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License along with the Program; and obey any additional terms present
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on parts of the Program in accord with section 7.
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% g+ B0 j4 ~$ s( U9 g: ^8 x! yYou may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
0 J( i( b( s* a( I0 {* X- S% iyou may at your option offer warranty protection for a fee.
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5.[2] Distributing Modified Source Versions.
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# ]% ]4 r6 [: B5 \* l: zHaving modified a copy of the Program under the conditions of section
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2, thus forming a work based on the Program, you may copy and distribute
2 m& G- Y( G9 p. ^) {% Y' Ksuch modifications or work in the form of source code under the terms of
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Section 4 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
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5 u! G k* ]4 a9 {a) The modified work must carry prominent notices stating that you
! a( n' p1 i& W% x( Wchanged the work and the date of any change.
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b) You must license the entire modified work, as a whole, under
" ^* P; Y* [1 V; L. [this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
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License must apply, unmodified except as permitted by section 7
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below, to the whole of the work. This License gives no permission
! j, ^, E' p% w+ t9 ito license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate
. S7 [. h/ l9 O* z! ^such permission if you have separately received it.
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c) If the modified work has interactive user interfaces, each must
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include a convenient feature that displays an appropriate
1 a: y3 ?& `$ Ycopyright notice, and tells the user that there is no warranty for
4 @) @- J2 U' W5 `' p* f1 v" mthe program (or that you provide a warranty), that users may
# _' l* A( o; L8 r- T3 mredistribute the modified work under these conditions, and how to
- A3 ^; G" g2 l% Z, N4 Jview a copy of this License together with the central list (if any) of
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other terms in accord with section 7. If the interface presents a
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list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a command to
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display this information must be prominent in the list.
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Otherwise, the modified work must display this information at
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startup--except in the case that the Program has such
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interactive modes and does not display this information at
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startup.
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These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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identifiable sections of that work, added by you, are not derived from
6 _3 i9 N- p1 `, Z/ R- n% ]- pthe Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate
% ?$ Q* c, i3 C7 V) M3 i2 H- Fworks in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to
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those sections when you distribute them as separate works for use not
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in combination with the Program. But when you distribute the same
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sections for use in combination with covered works, no matter in what
# N4 C. x# g/ z3 fform such combination occurs, the whole of the combination must be
, M- t ~( J( G+ Ulicensed under this License, whose permissions for other licensees
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extend to the entire whole, and thus to every part of the whole. Your
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sections may carry other terms as part of this combination in limited
# M& K: o ]# e6 {( D* T e' Lways, described in section 7.
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Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
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exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
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collective works based on the Program.
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A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
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works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
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in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
9 }/ o+ x4 g, W' S; C"aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not
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used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what
8 p) Z& N3 |# K- D; ~$ A8 Pthe individual works permit. Mere inclusion of a covered work in an
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aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of
/ ^9 o; ]& m/ V" nthe aggregate.
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6.[3] Non-Source Distribution.
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9 D6 T: W5 M4 A8 gYou may copy and distribute a covered work in Object Code form under the
9 q1 j8 A' M# ^2 d$ }# Z [terms of Sections 4 and 5, provided that you also distribute the
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machine-readable Complete Corresponding Source Code (herein the
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"Corresponding Source") under the terms of this License, in one of these
- w8 a" E8 X: d$ c. ?7 ]3 Fways:
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a) Distribute the Object Code in a physical product (including a
$ l# P, ]. k* u- t Vphysical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source
5 M. Y" ]2 ?3 [; Fdistributed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software
0 X0 U2 P, e) I( D5 H9 f8 Z1 Y% j9 vinterchange; or,
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b) Distribute the Object Code in a physical product (including a
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physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid
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for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts
: Z6 }1 t+ U9 t4 |. dor customer support for that product model, to give any third party,
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for a price no more than ten times your cost of physically performing
9 E6 ~" Z+ {8 L7 x: ~source distribution, a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the
/ ^( a3 r4 g% X# T) Dsoftware in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable
. m$ W) R- l {* b; I6 z" Dphysical medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
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c) Privately distribute the Object Code with a copy of the written
5 L/ y+ r+ P3 F+ ]5 uoffer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is
" ~$ G* [5 y% a- Uallowed only for occasional noncommercial distribution, and only
( n# v0 K- F) N) n: X% Dif you received the Object Code with such an offer, in accord with
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Subsection b above. Or,
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/ a* l2 |" k) @5 ^/ Jd) Distribute the Object Code by offering access to copy it
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from a designated place, and offer equivalent access to copy
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the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place.
9 m4 u; s# u3 ~You need not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source
/ K- S0 P- E& P" _5 |- xalong with the Object Code.
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6 }* u5 C, V( ]8 v* |. K3 @- O! j[If the place to copy the Object Code is a network server, the
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Corresponding Source may be on a different server that supports
9 ? t- T7 t9 d' J Fequivalent copying facilities, provided you have explicitly
% Z- ]6 a# e6 R: N. u# ?' u* Q; Barranged with the operator of that server to keep the
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Corresponding Source available for as long as needed to satisfy
- V: u9 K& z4 `* e; o6 W& Jthese requirements, and provided you maintain clear directions
* \$ ^& T5 p5 Unext to the Object Code saying where to find the Corresponding
, K& H* j% G: \, h% ]Source.]
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8 k. S8 v! a: M, Q( f) g7 W) eDistribution of the Corresponding Source in accord with this section
$ |- r b9 e- g: d, ~must be in a format that is publicly documented, unencumbered by
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reading or copying.
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( l$ E+ Y& y% C' K( lThe Corresponding Source may include portions which do not formally
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state this License as their license, but qualify under section 7
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for inclusion in a work under this License.
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7. License Compatibility.
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When you release a work based on the Program, you may include your own
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terms covering added parts for which you have, or can give,
* c6 p3 ^. u9 f1 i9 I O7 j4 Aappropriate copyright permission, as long as those terms clearly permit
* s( y! j* C; o q4 mall the activities that this License permits, or permit usage or
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relicensing under this License. Your terms may be written separately or
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may be this License plus additional written permission. If you so license
9 G' o: q u2 |2 J! gyour own added parts, those parts may be used separately under your
5 I* N, O; o: R7 _; Oterms, but the entire work remains under this License. Those who copy
. U+ s/ q0 \5 x1 b8 z, @9 u) Hthe work, or works based on it, must preserve your terms just as they
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must preserve this License, as long as any substantial portion of the parts
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2 ?! L" x& U$ {: d% S' fAside from additional permissions, your terms may add limited kinds of
3 o8 k1 O7 Y% I S4 B$ Hadditional requirements on your added parts, as follows:
P6 @6 e- D) F0 s; K2 p* I2 g. G; k: Y/ z, U! x$ m+ w0 s7 u' O9 D
a) They may require the preservation of certain copyright notices,
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other legal notices, and/or author attributions, and may require
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that the origin of the parts they cover not be misrepresented,
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5 y7 Q& H# J/ }3 ^$ K2 w9 `or marked there in specific reasonable ways, as different from the
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b) They may state a disclaimer of warranty and liability in terms
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c) They may prohibit or limit the use for publicity purposes of specified
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names of contributors, and they may require that certain specified
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: B( \" D' f" ud) They may require that the work contain functioning facilities that
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allow users to immediately obtain copies of its Complete Corresponding
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Source Code.
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" S, E9 t7 _ X5 ye) They may impose software patent retaliation, which means permission
) f$ G, l/ N4 [for use of your added parts terminates or may be terminated, wholly or
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partially, under stated conditions, for users closely related to any
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party that has filed a software patent lawsuit (i.e., a lawsuit
2 h& _% |" H. n' n+ ]5 s: d
alleging that some software infringes a patent). The conditions must
3 ]: {6 g; h" klimit retaliation to a subset of these two cases: 1. Lawsuits that lack
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the justification of retaliating against other software patent lawsuits
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that lack such justification. 2. Lawsuits that target part of this
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work, or other code that was elsewhere released together with the parts
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you added, the whole being under the terms used here for those parts.
5 F8 D$ L p+ }6 q; f, L
' ?( e5 o9 ]" v$ A9 n) sNo other additional conditions are permitted in your terms; therefore, no
+ ~6 M! q+ n3 u% b" X" _2 `5 y1 B; Uother conditions can be present on any work that uses this License. This
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valid or enforceable by you; it simply does not prohibit you from employing
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them.
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When others modify the work, if they modify your parts of it, they may
) M& u/ z7 ]3 a0 H. irelease such parts of their versions under this License without additional
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permissions, by including notice to that effect, or by deleting the notice
' I" ]7 C$ I+ ~+ w9 D( Dthat gives specific permissions in addition to this License. Then any
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broader permissions granted by your terms which are not granted by this
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License will not apply to their modifications, or to the modified versions
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of your parts resulting from their modifications. However, the specific
4 k# k3 r* a. d# k: N, r4 Yrequirements of your terms will still apply to whatever was derived from
" R: s2 A4 x4 j5 F/ d& e% ?your added parts.
" z) B8 \' z. z" ]5 `
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Unless the work also permits distribution under a previous version of
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this License, all the other terms included in the work under this section
0 R+ w/ v+ i3 U# f* B; Q9 amust be listed, together, in a central list in the work.
# a) }% n* X) j# V7 E! S' c1 V' C4 q( ] ~9 P# K2 \. ]. p
8.[4] Termination.
9 g4 E: |' J: A. S. j3 d
2 q% h! f) k( ?5 F% f0 FYou may not propagate, modify or sublicense the Program except as
. x1 ]$ [4 ^ Z" _+ M2 _
expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to
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propagate, modify or sublicense the Program is void, and any copyright
# X5 ^2 b b1 U; i jholder may terminate your rights under this License at any time after
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having notified you of the violation by any reasonable means within 60
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days of any occurrence. However, parties who have received copies, or
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rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
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terminated so long as they remain in full compliance.
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' l! R9 h* W6 }9 b6 ^- V9.[5] Not a Contract.
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+ H& r/ T; }. W& i
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive a copy of
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the Program. However, nothing else grants you permission to propagate or
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modify the Program or any covered works. These actions infringe copyright
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if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating
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the Program (or any covered work), you indicate your acceptance of this
\" b9 n( }/ C
License to do so, and all its terms and conditions.
$ w6 \# E- r5 x; n* e
& P+ Y# m2 X9 _! v0 D+ g10.[6] Automatic Licensing of Downstream Users.
% e& D% ~) l$ o% K2 F) o f4 Q
6 a5 b2 R3 o9 K$ f3 h: dEach time you redistribute a covered work, the recipient automatically
6 w5 O% _! g; {; z; q" [
receives a license from the original licensors, to propagate and modify
7 z1 X5 f& `7 k2 b% B& sthat work, subject to this License, including any additional terms
" F. A7 o) z" L# Dintroduced through section 7. You may not impose any further restrictions
3 j" j7 Y8 X. L6 T. ]( x5 o2 S4 k& Gon the recipients' exercise of the rights thus granted or affirmed, except
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(when modifying the work) in the limited ways permitted by section 7. You
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are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this
8 S; i, P M0 A4 ]: g# Q3 j* l5 XLicense.
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. h' P1 k2 r' b! T, H( @7 J7 N* b
11. Licensing of Patents.
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) b( v/ y4 l4 A4 pWhen you distribute a covered work, you grant a patent license to
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the recipient, and to anyone that receives any version of the work,
1 q- v2 @4 C) {) spermitting, for any and all versions of the covered work, all
; |) Y) c7 |- i/ H3 Sactivities allowed or contemplated by this License, such as
- m* X1 \5 u% @& q/ B& Pinstalling, running and distributing versions of the work, and using
* ?- u7 a7 D9 S* {% v) K. ~
their output. This patent license is nonexclusive, royalty-free and
$ t7 o1 A2 ?) Z; T
worldwide, and covers all patent claims you control or have the right
+ z2 ~* \- d/ W. }! I+ O# w
to sublicense, at the time you distribute the covered work or in the
! V+ D! R1 o1 v; b I3 {future, that would be infringed or violated by the covered work or any
- r7 k4 M( g8 ^# O+ {reasonably contemplated use of the covered work.
4 O b9 R% R0 I: w1 D% X
& ^8 {$ n& d6 C$ pIf you distribute a covered work knowingly relying on a patent license,
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you must act to shield downstream users against the possible patent
2 a$ e } O ginfringement claims from which your license protects you.
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5 Y" u9 c1 ~* e+ ]2 _3 v
12.[7] Liberty or Death for the Program.
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! i3 U3 f, j) Q, b; X3 OIf conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
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otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
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excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute
" [$ J: M- r E- g/ fthe Program, or other covered work, so as to satisfy simultaneously your
! H9 H5 g) Y' H1 D1 s' |6 r% ~obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as
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a consequence you may not distribute it at all. For example, if a patent
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license would not permit royalty-free redistribution by all those who
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receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you
* s R( P$ e* d2 Wcould satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from
& x& N H2 X; q8 E; @distribution.
- s8 c" ]/ _0 N6 u5 a' t* Q
3 v& A2 E( c4 p0 j) U7 @ [; ]It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
; y% o1 y, A* E z, S+ Fpatents or other exclusive rights or to contest their legal validity.
" G6 F3 Z3 S4 B0 ^The sole purpose of this section is to protect the integrity of the
. e) _" s- u7 ^* }
free software distribution system. Many people have made generous
5 a& j/ O! t- i: y! J6 x( H7 tcontributions to the wide range of software distributed through that
8 L' {% K1 x, J- f2 B6 Zsystem in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up
. c6 a5 _3 z5 _4 W; d" e) [4 j& jto the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute
! ~' i( l+ V8 ~# ?+ A8 \* d
software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that
9 c6 h2 I' ?( X8 schoice.
6 e' @" L5 j& B0 K1 U2 p5 w* T
0 V5 ~ i; A3 F K+ g[13.[8] Geographical Limitations.
! Q8 Q- i4 s+ J, K
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If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain
" C7 k* n( N* p4 Q0 kcountries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original
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copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an
" {8 a. E, P) ?5 B; D" Rexplicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
, ~3 M' B$ b4 ?so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
2 M- q" c7 w7 Z9 T- l9 T- w9 M& f
excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if
' f: o0 ]; @9 d9 ?4 @& c3 w
written in the body of this License.]
* [ H! N% L& T0 K1 @
$ l3 f7 X8 u9 A# T. {5 F
14.[9] Revised Versions of this License.
1 I3 ~+ ~0 c/ {# e8 z( H$ @7 n6 P3 i0 V
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
7 d& w- t& F7 ]4 e* \
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
- C# A3 j9 O! a+ f# ]3 B
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
2 \. r0 g3 v7 y" U2 N* _* E9 waddress new problems or concerns.
5 v% Z0 j$ e" {1 P0 e5 h
n% u8 D; H% L/ ~5 x) i
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
# Q: e. s8 Q) s8 E( aspecifies that a certain numbered version of this License "or any
8 ~7 F$ |+ c# T! J# a" j
later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the
) P1 ~% I( P- u R8 n0 ?8 xterms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later
2 U( v) e7 {$ tversion published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program
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does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any
) a! o( ~ Z- X$ T3 R( pversion ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
/ @' m6 \. [: ]. K0 b4 q" i$ w, ~; ~9 K. d, K
15.[10] Requesting Exceptions.
$ J) e g5 H) s7 n) K; L
) y5 v4 F" |" q: FIf you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
0 a! g/ l$ A" Uprograms whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
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to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
0 x0 b; D2 ]# NSoftware Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
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make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
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of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
! @# r. R1 T/ G% n- U6 ?8 ~of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
: C+ i1 n1 f3 Y4 V5 x
/ G+ `4 u- }0 x X: u3 h" kNO WARRANTY
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+ g, C8 T0 z' }2 Q6 W16.[11] There is no warranty for the Program, to the extent permitted by
7 ^& n5 ?2 S" T/ k& g5 \" `, _8 xapplicable law. Except when otherwise stated in writing the copyright
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holders and/or other parties provide the Program "as is" without warranty
0 u, e6 C0 c# l) N6 ~; a) r
of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to,
0 B% l) V4 g* g% I2 _. L$ _the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
, O& _5 J& n- K& n1 d. w8 apurpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the Program
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is with you. Should the Program prove defective, you assume the cost of
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all necessary servicing, repair or correction.
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17.[12] In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing
% _* j+ k3 V S/ ?0 W6 `will any copyright holder, or any other party who may modify and/or
8 W" e+ d1 q( Uredistribute the Program as permitted above, be liable to you for damages,
% b: O- s7 l+ P8 _! E7 jincluding any general, special, incidental or consequential damages arising
& O3 R9 O. I! x' wout of the use or inability to use the Program (including but not limited
S) P, W6 ~9 ?5 X$ s& {8 o! u: Tto loss of data or data being rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by
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you or third parties or a failure of the Program to operate with any other
" [5 E) g1 x1 S2 ]/ [$ cprograms), even if such holder or other party has been advised of the
* i, M/ U6 p. G6 B: r2 h' \possibility of such damages.
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j( q$ |! |7 k) \- y" N% J18. Unless specifically stated, the Program has not been tested for use
( P8 R5 A% P) _2 Z+ m1 V. l+ ^" Oin safety critical systems.
1 O# t+ t5 `8 B& ]# r S& E
! w. c7 P: j) d0 S) u7 jEND OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
9 U' L* }& j; \" L# N& l& b
2 _8 j! E! j2 a- \% ^5 ^How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
$ b, \* P, E- R( L1 z* W- O1 f5 a' y# N) x
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
. ?+ \$ Q! r3 B- upossible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
* }$ u4 ~7 @% S! D" a+ U: ~$ Q% t; X
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
* c8 M+ C* \; k$ g# i4 j. _5 Z
7 }* p2 Y1 r/ t* J2 d" HTo do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
x9 J, a9 R8 ato attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
5 S3 {- h. X% `+ `6 a' W
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
4 p$ {, t0 l4 O9 B# j3 X8 vthe "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
' B' s) i% s' w. J" Z7 L( X* D0 B: \5 P1 T8 d- }4 }
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
, _! f5 I! V \4 S) I' M( y/ `
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
% x2 d9 _1 A+ [; k4 H6 [
/ Z) [6 R5 f4 p. @6 {
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
. |, h) q( E* O9 Xit under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
. F7 e3 w3 \4 r! U) P+ ~0 B) V- k
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
! b8 C6 G( R7 S8 G9 f4 p& @
(at your option) any later version.
8 l4 j: r L5 }* ?' x7 X/ P1 [0 \) \5 j
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
$ b" R6 A9 G, kbut WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
; i/ b4 O1 Z: m7 u: @
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
( l* u `& m4 {
GNU General Public License for more details.
% W3 N, C, F+ w$ f# l' Y# I( f/ T
" V( Y0 G$ i! P& O& OYou should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
6 ^& F1 g- m( _. A+ j( _9 j5 ^! k: S
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
: I2 U% T$ O$ j
* z/ a/ ?3 w" z6 k) X/ X, L0 O$ h. g, R5 t0 o3 v
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
) F% ?" P$ ]& G6 ~% B
" D" _( u, p: t% `) w* N
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
9 m( T; `! k, b- U0 T( H
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
- Z& I6 o& y; p0 e2 z
+ R9 G# q/ j2 f0 i' EGnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
$ W4 d2 |/ W) B! e! X: g1 dGnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
8 M K7 g* p9 P. _. [9 ~" C
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
2 a9 X, H5 g! [' O8 I4 Qunder certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
3 y* z1 m) [/ D# H. j2 Y# o" J$ N7 f9 r" G
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
: ^1 O0 S2 f8 l: s& w7 B4 G- _
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
, a- L3 Y0 B: \- l
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; for a GUI interface,
+ f* ]9 ?' T9 F& P2 uyou would use an "About box" instead.
+ d' @3 D, A+ ~1 s* d# k
+ B! b X" D2 R8 Q, M5 S lYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
$ `: s$ R, K3 g. {9 `" Xschool, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
2 U2 d$ \; T( a/ ]4 A4 \1 _/ I) Qnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
, F+ l% E+ _" y3 o. T2 i
- `$ ]* ?( f' a) i6 b( zYoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
( V% H" C& w. O
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
; i: s$ e7 }3 ]5 c; \" e: c0 ]
( B# ^$ [" l; X, j/ K+ \
<signature of Rich R. Thanus>, 1 April 1989
+ N# s- @7 t9 n, Q$ l
Rich R. Thanus, Peripheral Visionary
+ w5 X; Z, F1 R: ?) X: K
! {9 Z7 L/ R( a% R4 E6 i
For more information on how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
( s6 p% T2 b2 y; ^# R* {5 P
http://www.gnu.org/licenses.% L( N0 w1 J. I! Y
1 l3 z% Q1 l. d9 ]6 U
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
$ L. L0 V1 @( N4 P; j
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
3 p) e. J9 W2 e, S8 G- z
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
" v9 S8 } }% z/ J6 _the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
; W( { n& z9 E7 \9 i
Public License instead of this License.
